Ozone is no longer the issue of local or regional problem, but has become a global affair, needs to be concerted efforts to confront the dangers that may hold the future .. Some may wonder: Why all the attention the issue of global weights? The answer lies in the severity of health effects and environmental, not man, but on animals, plants and other environmental systems.
He stated the Task Force on the calendar Environmental Program's parent United for the Environment in a report published in November 1991, the depletion of the ozone layer and the resulting increase in ultraviolet radiation may lead to accelerate the rate of the smog, which remains suspended in the atmosphere for several days. As happened in London in 1952 when there was haze atmosphere of this city and its days on the night over a few days, and led to losses
Toll in lives and got to about 4 000 deaths. As the erosion shield
Ozone may lead to an increase in skin cancer rates Allaguetama by 26%.
The ultraviolet Abannvs.h type of UVB, plays an major role in the formation of skin tumor melanoma, a type most dangerous, and that means an estimated 300 000 cases of cancer skin annually, and will share the United States alone approximately 180 million cases during the eighty years, The international community did not act effectively to stop the depletion of the ozone layer.
Of other health risks to the problem of deterioration of the ozone layer is a disease of white water, (ie, cataracts). According to the report of the parent Nations (previously mentioned), the ozone depletion rate of 10% may result in injury about 1.7 million people a year, the disease caused by exposure to UV radiation, in addition to the injury of eye disease, cataracts, it is unable to resist these rays, and that the quantities increased ultraviolet radiation, which penetrates the ozone layer, diminish the effectiveness of the immune system in humans, and this is what makes people more susceptible to infectious diseases, caused by viruses such as scabies, as well as a disease caused by bacteria, tuberculosis, and other parasitic diseases.
Do not stop the negative effects of reducing the ozone layer on humans alone, Fashm destroy the ozone layer and the widening hole in this layer to increase the temperature of the earth's surface and thus lead to a phenomenon known as global warming.
Perhaps the most affected areas are the tropical region, a result of high temperature, and the power of the sun. As some research suggests that half of the plants that are considered sensitive to radiation UVB reduced production and smaller size of the leaves, which impacts on the production of agricultural crops, as explained to some reports, there is likely to decrease the production of soybeans by 23% due to exposure to this type of radiation. In addition to chemical compositions, for some kinds of plants, may change because of this situation, to the detriment of their content of minerals and nutritional value, in general.
On the other hand, there are fears of weakening the communities of microorganisms, in the seas and oceans, known as plankton plant as a result of exposure to ultraviolet rays, and considers these objects are mainly important for the food chain in Alanzh environmental present in fresh and salt water, particularly the fish and shrimp, and others.
Also, phytoplankton play a major role valuable absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus reduce the impact of global
Warming, it is also necessary to release oxygen to sustain life.
What is in the ozone?
Ozone consists of an oxygen atmosphere and the difference between him and the molecular oxygen is that the first united in a triple while molecular oxygen, as is its natural state by which we inhale, consisting of two atoms of oxygen, and the reduction process occurs
Molecular oxygen, which reaches to the lower atmosphere to the ozone over the tropics, and so by the UV high-power, wavelength 240-300 nm, and from there spread the ozone layer in the atmosphere at altitudes ranging between 20 and 50 km above the earth's surface. The ozone one important component in the air, with a focus to approximately from -1 micrograms per gram of air, but the breathing air rich in ozone affects the respiratory system, nervous system and result in shortness of breath, headache, fatigue and show these symptoms clearly among young Age and youth, so the school children in the city of Los Angeles, where ozone levels are high are forced to stay inside the school buildings when the ozone concentration in the air to 35 ppm. Element Hitaúa Researchers have tried in the U.S. space agency for more than a quarter of a century the exploitation of ozone as a fuel to launch the spacecraft has been described by some as a demonic Perhaps the most important reasons that threaten the layer
Ozone in the industrial pollution of the atmosphere caused by nitrogen oxides, vehicles known as "CFCs," and the
Monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen, which start from a previous sound aircraft, flying the level of the ozone layer and penetrate lead to stimulate the decomposition of ozone by chemical reactions.
He was the first presented the expectations of real scientific, the seriousness of the compounds CFCs on the ozone layer are the worlds Doland and Molina Almokhtassan the chemistry of the weather phenomena in the University of California, where they in 1974 synthesized laboratory conditions similar to those located in the center and outside of the upper layers of the atmosphere, which are sites that concentration of the protective ozone layer. Has appeared to her that these compounds destroy the ozone molecules effectively Mraeih. It was assumed that these two worlds vehicles for CFCs could eventually destroy the 20% to 30% of the protective ozone shield completely which threatens all life forms on the surface of the earth with dire consequences. He said while many scientists doubt on expectations of Doland and Molina, and I think most of them that the decrease in the ozone layer sometime in the next century will not exceed 2 to 4%.
Antarctic ozone-free
In 1992, said the report of the World Meteorological Organization that some areas over the South Pole are free of ozone completely, and concluded the report to the conclusion that the ozone hole over this area, has widened to a record, up to about 9 million square miles (the equivalent of three times the size of United States of America), an increase of 25% of what was expected and at a faster rate than he had anticipated Doland and Molina.
As for the Arctic region of the globe, which is located including countries heavily populated in all of North America, Europe and Asia, they suffer are the other from the same effect but is less stressful than it is in the Antarctic (5% to 10% in the period from 1969 to 1979 ), it was found that the ozone layer in the northern region have vanished during the same period by 1.7% to 3% and this decline has grown, later to a higher rate is 4% to 5% per decade, which is twice what was originally anticipated.
Do you lose one day such as this fresh landscape?
Urgent negotiations
About the dangerous situation witnessed by the ozone layer has met with universal body composed of 100 scientists in 1987 to discuss all the available information and to take decisions to resolve the issue. The United Nations has called in the same year to the urgent negotiations to reduce the production and use of vehicles CFCs d and Leah has signed 91 countries on 15/9/1987 at what was known later to the Montreal Protocol have agreed to these countries to reduce their production of compounds chlorofluorocarbons, WA for adults 90% of the world production. The objective of the Protocol was amended in 1990 in London to become trading these materials strictly prohibited in 2000.
Solutions
There is a consensus between government organizations, and non-governmental organizations in the world that alternatives to the CFCs and halons environmentally acceptable, it will provide encouraging results in the long run. But the difficulty in protecting the ozone layer lies in the technical and financial constraints are more alternatives that have been developed to cope with environmental requirements, economic, industrial and cauterizing Alasthla Alkahrouhrrari cooling and refrigeration acoustic waves. In this context, provided a U.S. company operating small household refrigerator Astrlnj cycle based on the principle of heating a fixed volume of gas such as hydrogen or helium leads to high pressure and the company claimed that the efficiency of the refrigerator developed better in comparison with conventional refrigerator.
In Mexico, scientists have succeeded in the manufacture of molds snow harnessing solar energy, and in this respect also been manufacturing cooling device of the type of cover, running sound waves (Althermoakostic) have experimented with distinction aboard the space shuttle Discovery.
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